People, Development and Environment - People, Development and Environment Section 2

Australia is the smallest continent by land area. It covers approximately 7.7 million square kilometers, making it smaller than Europe, Antarctica, and South America. Despite being a continent, it is often referred to as a country due to its single national government.

• A. Europe
  Incorrect. Europe is larger than Australia in terms of land area.

• B. Australia
  Correct. It is the smallest continent in both size and population (excluding Antarctica).

• C. Antarctica
  Incorrect. Antarctica is larger than Australia.

• D. South America
  Incorrect. South America is significantly larger than Australia.

The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Union Territory of Ladakh, which was formerly part of Jammu & Kashmir. It lies near the India-Pakistan border and is one of the highest and coldest battlefields in the world.

• A. Uttar Pradesh
  Incorrect. This state is located in the plains and does not have glaciers.

• B. Himachal Pradesh
  Incorrect. Though it has glaciers, Siachen is not located here.

• C. Jammu & Kashmir
  Correct. Siachen is located in the Ladakh region, previously part of Jammu & Kashmir.

• D. Sikkim
  Incorrect. Sikkim has glaciers, but Siachen is not among them.

Savanna grasslands are most prominently found in Africa, particularly in regions like Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa. These grasslands are characterized by a mixture of grasses and scattered trees and have distinct wet and dry seasons.

• A. Australia
  Incorrect. Australia has grasslands, but they are not classified as classic savannas.

• B. Africa
  Correct. Africa is home to the most extensive and well-known savanna ecosystems.

• C. East Asia
  Incorrect. East Asia primarily has forests, steppes, and other vegetation types, not savannas.

• D. South America
  Incorrect. South America has similar ecosystems like the cerrado in Brazil, but the term "savanna" is most closely associated with Africa.

The Tigris River flows through Iraq and originates in the mountains of eastern Turkey. It runs parallel to the Euphrates River and eventually merges with it to form the Shatt al-Arab before emptying into the Persian Gulf.

• A. Egypt
  Incorrect. Egypt is primarily associated with the Nile River, not the Tigris.

• B. Iran
  Incorrect. While some tributaries may arise near Iran, the Tigris does not flow through it directly.

• C. Italy
  Incorrect. Italy is in Europe and not connected to the Tigris River.

• D. Iraq
  Correct. The Tigris flows directly through Iraq, including the capital city, Baghdad.